I mean yeah, basically, the idea of being the Mahdi and convincing the desert dwelling followers of Mohammad to follow you as a revolutionary army was a big trope for a while, king of the khyber rifles type books were full of it. Dune just rewrites Paul from being actual English aristocracy to being a near identical space facsimile, likewise Bedouin and Muslim stereotypes and tropes common in adventure lit make the Fremen. Big bad is mostly anti German tropes from ww1 era novels; corpulent, perverted, and sneaky.

The great imagination in it comes from taking this fairly standard formula and going totally crazy with sand worms and Duncan clones.

Though when you look at it like this it’s obvious liet kynes is actually the linchpin of his creative vision and everything else is formed around that character