This less lethal launcher from UMX, a sub brand of the German company Umarex, has a built in range finder tied to a laser rangefinder that regulates an electronically controlled valve to ensure a projectile is launched pneumatically to hit a target at no greater than 30 joules of impact force.
This ensures that sufficient force is applied to receive the desired effect while mitigating the risk of causing unnecessary damage.
It is designed to fire a variety of capsules including one containing a pepper spray like powder and one that has an ultraviolet markings dye.
TFBTV Video [6:53] https://youtu.be/RE_Bhje1VHk?si=
Probably not fracture the skull but like most moving objects you wouldn’t want it heading towards your eye. Decidedly not something you’d want to get hit with, but definitely preferable to the other options.