I’ve got a “smart” solution and a really dumb one. I’ll start with the smart one (incomplete but you can infer). I did four different ways to try to get it faster, less memory, etc.

// this is from a nuget package. My Mathy roommate told me this was a topological sort.
// It's also my preferred, since it'd perform better on larger data sets.
return lines
    .AsParallel()
    .Where(line => !IsInOrder(GetSoonestOccurrences(line), aggregateRules))
    .Sum(line => line.StableOrderTopologicallyBy(
            getDependencies: page =>
                aggregateRules.TryGetValue(page, out var mustPreceed) ? mustPreceed.Intersect(line) : Enumerable.Empty<Page>())
        .Middle()
    );

The dumb solution. These comparisons aren’t fully transitive. I can’t believe it works.

public static SortedSet<Page> Sort3(Page[] line,
    Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules)
{
    // how the hell is this working?
    var sorted = new SortedSet<Page>(new Sort3Comparer(rules));
    foreach (var page in line)
        sorted.Add(page);
    return sorted;
}

public static Page[] OrderBy(Page[] line, Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules)
{
    return line.OrderBy(identity, new Sort3Comparer(rules)).ToArray();
}

sealed class Sort3Comparer : IComparer<Page>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> _rules;

    public Sort3Comparer(Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules) => _rules = rules;

    public int Compare(Page x, Page y)
    {
        if (_rules.TryGetValue(x, out var xrules))
        {
            if (xrules.Contains(y))
                return -1;
        }

        if (_rules.TryGetValue(y, out var yrules))
        {
            if (yrules.Contains(x))
                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
    }
}

Uiua

This is the first one that caused me some headache because I didn’t read the instructions carefully enough.
I kept trying to create a sorted list for when all available pages were used, which got me stuck in an endless loop.

Another fun part was figuring out to use memberof (∈) instead of find (⌕) in the last line of FindNext. So much time spent on debugging other areas of the code

Run with example input here

FindNext ← ⊙(
  ⊡1⍉,
  ⊃▽(▽¬)⊸∈
  ⊙⊙(⊡0⍉.)
  :⊙(⟜(▽¬∈))
)

# find the order of pages for a given set of rules
FindOrder ← (
  ◴♭.
  []
  ⍢(⊂FindNext|⋅(>1⧻))
  ⊙◌⊂
)

PartOne ← (
  &rs ∞ &fo "input-5.txt"
  ∩°□°⊟⊜□¬⌕"\n\n".
  ⊙(⊜(□⊜⋕≠@,.)≠@\n.↘1)
  ⊜(⊜⋕≠@|.)≠@\n.

  ⊙.
  ¤
  ⊞(◡(°□:)
    ⟜:⊙(°⊟⍉)
    =2+∩∈
    ▽
    FindOrder
    ⊸≍°□:
    ⊙◌
  )
  ≡◇(⊡⌊÷2⧻.)▽♭
  /+
)

PartTwo ← (
  &rs ∞ &fo "input-5.txt"
  ∩°□°⊟⊜□¬⌕"\n\n".
  ⊙(⊜(□⊜⋕≠@,.)≠@\n.↘1)
  ⊜(⊜⋕≠@|.)≠@\n.
  ⊙.
  ⍜¤⊞(
    ◡(°□:)
    ⟜:⊙(°⊟⍉)
    =2+∩∈
    ▽
    FindOrder
    ⊸≍°□:
    ⊟∩□
  )
  ⊙◌
  ⊃(⊡0)(⊡1)⍉
  ≡◇(⊡⌊÷2⧻.)▽¬≡°□
  /+
)

&p "Day 5:"
&pf "Part 1: "
&p PartOne
&pf "Part 2: "
&p PartTwo

Uiua

Well it’s still today here, and this is how I spent my evening. It’s not pretty or maybe even good, but it works on the test data…

Try it here

Data ← ⊜(□)⊸≠@\n "47|53\n97|13\n97|61\n97|47\n75|29\n61|13\n75|53\n29|13\n97|29\n53|29\n61|53\n97|53\n61|29\n47|13\n75|47\n97|75\n47|61\n75|61\n47|29\n75|13\n53|13\n\n75,47,61,53,29\n97,61,53,29,13\n75,29,13\n75,97,47,61,53\n61,13,29\n97,13,75,29,47"
Rs   ← ≡◇(⊜⋕⊸≠@|)▽⊸≡◇(⧻⊚⌕@|)Data
Ps   ← ≡⍚(⊜⋕⊸≠@,)▽⊸≡◇(¬⧻⊚⌕@|)Data

NoPred  ← ⊢▽:⟜(≡(=0/+⌕)⊙¤)◴♭⟜≡⊣                # Find entry without predecessors.
GetLead ← ⊸(▽:⟜(≡(¬/+=))⊙¤)⟜NoPred             # Remove that leading entry.
Rules   ← ⇌⊂⊃(⇌⊢°□⊢|≡°□↘1)[□⍢(GetLead|≠1⧻)] Rs # Repeatedly find rule without predecessors (Kaaaaaahn!).

Sorted   ← ⊏⍏⊗,Rules
IsSorted ← /×>0≡/-◫2⊗°□: Rules
MidVal   ← ⊡:⟜(⌊÷ 2⧻)

⇌⊕□⊸≡IsSorted Ps        # Group by whether the pages are in sort order.
≡◇(/+≡◇(MidVal Sorted)) # Find midpoints and sum.

Factor

: get-input ( -- rules updates )
  "vocab:aoc-2024/05/input.txt" utf8 file-lines
  { "" } split1
  "|" "," [ '[ [ _ split ] map ] ] bi@ bi* ;

: relevant-rules ( rules update -- rules' )
  '[ [ _ in? ] all? ] filter ;

: compliant? ( rules update -- ? )
  [ relevant-rules ] keep-under
  [ [ index* ] with map first2 < ] with all? ;

: middle-number ( update -- n )
  dup length 2 /i nth-of string>number ;

: part1 ( -- n )
  get-input
  [ compliant? ] with
  [ middle-number ] filter-map sum ;

: compare-pages ( rules page1 page2 -- <=> )
  [ 2array relevant-rules ] keep-under
  [ drop +eq+ ] [ first index zero? +gt+ +lt+ ? ] if-empty ;

: correct-update ( rules update -- update' )
  [ swapd compare-pages ] with sort-with ;

: part2 ( -- n )
  get-input dupd
  [ compliant? ] with reject
  [ correct-update middle-number ] with map-sum ;

on GitHub

Rust

Real thinker. Messed around with a couple solutions before this one. The gist is to take all the pairwise comparisons given and record them for easy access in a ranking matrix.

For the sample input, this grid would look like this (I left out all the non-present integers, but it would be a 98 x 98 grid where all the empty spaces are filled with Ordering::Equal):

   13 29 47 53 61 75 97
13  =  >  >  >  >  >  >
29  <  =  >  >  >  >  >
47  <  <  =  <  <  >  >
53  <  <  >  =  >  >  >
61  <  <  >  <  =  >  >
75  <  <  <  <  <  =  >
97  <  <  <  <  <  <  =

I discovered this can’t be used for a total order on the actual puzzle input because there were cycles in the pairs given (see how rust changed sort implementations as of 1.81). I used usize for convenience (I did it with u8 for all the pair values originally, but kept having to cast over and over as usize). Didn’t notice a performance difference, but I’m sure uses a bit more memory.

Also I Liked the simple_grid crate a little better than the grid one. Will have to refactor that out at some point.

use std::{cmp::Ordering, fs::read_to_string};

use simple_grid::Grid;

type Idx = (usize, usize);
type Matrix = Grid<Ordering>;
type Page = Vec<usize>;

fn parse_input(input: &str) -> (Vec<Idx>, Vec<Page>) {
    let split: Vec<&str> = input.split("\n\n").collect();
    let (pair_str, page_str) = (split[0], split[1]);
    let pairs = parse_pairs(pair_str);
    let pages = parse_pages(page_str);
    (pairs, pages)
}

fn parse_pairs(input: &str) -> Vec<Idx> {
    input
        .lines()
        .map(|l| {
            let (a, b) = l.split_once('|').unwrap();
            (a.parse().unwrap(), b.parse().unwrap())
        })
        .collect()
}

fn parse_pages(input: &str) -> Vec<Page> {
    input
        .lines()
        .map(|l| -> Page {
            l.split(",")
                .map(|d| d.parse::<usize>().expect("invalid digit"))
                .collect()
        })
        .collect()
}

fn create_matrix(pairs: &[Idx]) -> Matrix {
    let max = *pairs
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|(a, b)| [a, b])
        .max()
        .expect("iterator is non-empty")
        + 1;
    let mut matrix = Grid::new(max, max, vec![Ordering::Equal; max * max]);
    for (a, b) in pairs {
        matrix.replace_cell((*a, *b), Ordering::Less);
        matrix.replace_cell((*b, *a), Ordering::Greater);
    }
    matrix
}

fn valid_pages(pages: &[Page], matrix: &Matrix) -> usize {
    pages
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|p| {
            if check_order(p, matrix) {
                Some(p[p.len() / 2])
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
        .sum()
}

fn fix_invalid_pages(pages: &mut [Page], matrix: &Matrix) -> usize {
    pages
        .iter_mut()
        .filter(|p| !check_order(p, matrix))
        .map(|v| {
            v.sort_by(|a, b| *matrix.get((*a, *b)).unwrap());
            v[v.len() / 2]
        })
        .sum()
}

fn check_order(page: &[usize], matrix: &Matrix) -> bool {
    page.is_sorted_by(|a, b| *matrix.get((*a, *b)).unwrap() == Ordering::Less)
}

pub fn solve() {
    let input = read_to_string("inputs/day05.txt").expect("read file");
    let (pairs, mut pages) = parse_input(&input);
    let matrix = create_matrix(&pairs);
    println!("Part 1: {}", valid_pages(&pages, &matrix));
    println!("Part 2: {}", fix_invalid_pages(&mut pages, &matrix));
}

On github

*Edit: I did try switching to just using std::collections::HashMap, but it was 0.1 ms slower on average than using the simple_grid::Grid… Vec[idx] access is faster maybe?

Rust

While part 1 was pretty quick, part 2 took me a while to figure something out. I figured that the relation would probably be a total ordering, and obtained the actual order using topological sorting. But it turns out the relation has cycles, so the topological sort must be limited to the elements that actually occur in the lists.

use std::collections::{HashSet, HashMap, VecDeque};

fn parse_lists(input: &str) -> Vec<Vec<u32>> {
    input.lines()
        .map(|l| l.split(',').map(|e| e.parse().unwrap()).collect())
        .collect()
}

fn parse_relation(input: String) -> (HashSet<(u32, u32)>, Vec<Vec<u32>>) {
    let (ordering, lists) = input.split_once("\n\n").unwrap();
    let relation = ordering.lines()
        .map(|l| {
            let (a, b) = l.split_once('|').unwrap();
            (a.parse().unwrap(), b.parse().unwrap())
        })
        .collect();
    (relation, parse_lists(lists))
}

fn parse_graph(input: String) -> (Vec<Vec<u32>>, Vec<Vec<u32>>) {
    let (ordering, lists) = input.split_once("\n\n").unwrap();
    let mut graph = Vec::new();
    for l in ordering.lines() {
        let (a, b) = l.split_once('|').unwrap();
        let v: u32 = a.parse().unwrap();
        let w: u32 = b.parse().unwrap();
        let new_len = v.max(w) as usize + 1;
        if new_len > graph.len() {
            graph.resize(new_len, Vec::new())
        }
        graph[v as usize].push(w);
    }
    (graph, parse_lists(lists))
}


fn part1(input: String) {
    let (relation, lists) = parse_relation(input); 
    let mut sum = 0;
    for l in lists {
        let mut valid = true;
        for i in 0..l.len() {
            for j in 0..i {
                if relation.contains(&(l[i], l[j])) {
                    valid = false;
                    break
                }
            }
            if !valid { break }
        }
        if valid {
            sum += l[l.len() / 2];
        }
    }
    println!("{sum}");
}


// Topological order of graph, but limited to nodes in the set `subgraph`.
// Otherwise the graph is not acyclic.
fn topological_sort(graph: &[Vec<u32>], subgraph: &HashSet<u32>) -> Vec<u32> {
    let mut order = VecDeque::with_capacity(subgraph.len());
    let mut marked = vec![false; graph.len()];
    for &v in subgraph {
        if !marked[v as usize] {
            dfs(graph, subgraph, v as usize, &mut marked, &mut order)
        }
    }
    order.into()
}

fn dfs(graph: &[Vec<u32>], subgraph: &HashSet<u32>, v: usize, marked: &mut [bool], order: &mut VecDeque<u32>) {
    marked[v] = true;
    for &w in graph[v].iter().filter(|v| subgraph.contains(v)) {
        if !marked[w as usize] {
            dfs(graph, subgraph, w as usize, marked, order);
        }
    }
    order.push_front(v as u32);
}

fn rank(order: &[u32]) -> HashMap<u32, u32> {
    order.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, x)| (*x, i as u32)).collect()
}

// Part 1 with topological sorting, which is slower
fn _part1(input: String) {
    let (graph, lists) = parse_graph(input);
    let mut sum = 0;
    for l in lists {
        let subgraph = HashSet::from_iter(l.iter().copied());
        let rank = rank(&topological_sort(&graph, &subgraph));
        if l.is_sorted_by_key(|x| rank[x]) {
            sum += l[l.len() / 2];
        }
    }
    println!("{sum}");
}

fn part2(input: String) {
    let (graph, lists) = parse_graph(input);
    let mut sum = 0;
    for mut l in lists {
        let subgraph = HashSet::from_iter(l.iter().copied());
        let rank = rank(&topological_sort(&graph, &subgraph));
        if !l.is_sorted_by_key(|x| rank[x]) {
            l.sort_unstable_by_key(|x| rank[x]);            
            sum += l[l.len() / 2];
        }
    }
    println!("{sum}");
}

util::aoc_main!();

also on github

Lisp

(defun p1-process-rules (line)
  (mapcar #'parse-integer (uiop:split-string line :separator "|")))

(defun p1-process-pages (line)
  (mapcar #'parse-integer (uiop:split-string line :separator ",")))

(defun middle (pages)
  (nth (floor (length pages) 2) pages))

(defun check-rule-p (rule pages)
  (let ((p1 (position (car rule) pages))
        (p2 (position (cadr rule) pages)))
    (or (not p1) (not p2) (< p1 p2))))

(defun ordered-p (pages rules)
  (loop for r in rules
        unless (check-rule-p r pages)
          return nil
        finally
           (return t)))

(defun run-p1 (rules-file pages-file) 
  (let ((rules (read-file rules-file #'p1-process-rules))
        (pages (read-file pages-file #'p1-process-pages)))
    (loop for p in pages
          when (ordered-p p rules)
            sum (middle p)
          )))

(defun fix-pages (rules pages)
  (sort pages (lambda (p1 p2) (ordered-p (list p1 p2) rules)) ))

(defun run-p2 (rules-file pages-file) 
  (let ((rules (read-file rules-file #'p1-process-rules))
        (pages (read-file pages-file #'p1-process-pages)))
    (loop for p in pages
          unless (ordered-p p rules)
            sum (middle (fix-pages rules p))
          )))

Nim

import ../aoc, strutils, sequtils, tables

type
  Rules = ref Table[int, seq[int]]

#check if an update sequence is valid
proc valid(update:seq[int], rules:Rules):bool =
  for pi, p in update:
    for r in rules.getOrDefault(p):
      let ri = update.find(r)
      if ri != -1 and ri < pi:
        return false
  return true

proc backtrack(p:int, index:int, update:seq[int], rules: Rules, sorted: var seq[int]):bool =
  if index == 0:
    sorted[index] = p
    return true
  
  for r in rules.getOrDefault(p):
    if r in update and r.backtrack(index-1, update, rules, sorted):
      sorted[index] = p
      return true
  
  return false

#fix an invalid sequence
proc fix(update:seq[int], rules: Rules):seq[int] =
  echo "fixing", update
  var sorted = newSeqWith(update.len, 0);
  for p in update:
    if p.backtrack(update.len-1, update, rules, sorted):
      return sorted
  return @[]

proc solve*(input:string): array[2,int] =
  let parts = input.split("\r\n\r\n");
  
  let rulePairs = parts[0].splitLines.mapIt(it.strip.split('|').map(parseInt))
  let updates = parts[1].splitLines.mapIt(it.split(',').map(parseInt))
  
  # fill rules table
  var rules = new Rules
  for rp in rulePairs:
    if rules.hasKey(rp[0]):
      rules[rp[0]].add rp[1];
    else:
      rules[rp[0]] = @[rp[1]]
      
  # fill reverse rules table
  var backRules = new Rules
  for rp in rulePairs:
    if backRules.hasKey(rp[1]):
      backRules[rp[1]].add rp[0];
    else:
      backRules[rp[1]] = @[rp[0]]
  
  for u in updates:
    if u.valid(rules):
      result[0] += u[u.len div 2]
    else:
      let uf = u.fix(backRules)
      result[1] += uf[uf.len div 2]

I thought of doing a sort at first, but dismissed it for some reason, so I came up with this slow and bulky recursive backtracking thing which traverses the rules as a graph until it reaches a depth equal to the given sequence. Not my finest work, but it does solve the puzzle :)

Zig

const std = @import("std");
const List = std.ArrayList;
const Map = std.AutoHashMap;

const tokenizeScalar = std.mem.tokenizeScalar;
const splitScalar = std.mem.splitScalar;
const parseInt = std.fmt.parseInt;
const print = std.debug.print;
const contains = std.mem.containsAtLeast;
const eql = std.mem.eql;

var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
const alloc = gpa.allocator();

const Answer = struct {
    middle_sum: i32,
    reordered_sum: i32,
};

pub fn solve(input: []const u8) !Answer {
    var rows = splitScalar(u8, input, '\n');

    // key is a page number and value is a
    // list of pages to be printed before it
    var rules = Map(i32, List(i32)).init(alloc);
    var pages = List([]i32).init(alloc);
    defer {
        var iter = rules.iterator();
        while (iter.next()) |rule| {
            rule.value_ptr.deinit();
        }
        rules.deinit();
        pages.deinit();
    }

    var parse_rules = true;
    while (rows.next()) |row| {
        if (eql(u8, row, "")) {
            parse_rules = false;
            continue;
        }

        if (parse_rules) {
            var rule_pair = tokenizeScalar(u8, row, '|');
            const rule = try rules.getOrPut(try parseInt(i32, rule_pair.next().?, 10));
            if (!rule.found_existing) {
                rule.value_ptr.* = List(i32).init(alloc);
            }
            try rule.value_ptr.*.append(try parseInt(i32, rule_pair.next().?, 10));
        } else {
            var page = List(i32).init(alloc);
            var page_list = tokenizeScalar(u8, row, ',');
            while (page_list.next()) |list| {
                try page.append(try parseInt(i32, list, 10));
            }
            try pages.append(try page.toOwnedSlice());
        }
    }

    var middle_sum: i32 = 0;
    var reordered_sum: i32 = 0;

    var wrong_order = false;
    for (pages.items) |page| {
        var index: usize = page.len - 1;
        while (index > 0) : (index -= 1) {
            var page_rule = rules.get(page[index]) orelse continue;

            // check the rest of the pages
            var remaining: usize = 0;
            while (remaining < page[0..index].len) {
                if (contains(i32, page_rule.items, 1, &[_]i32{page[remaining]})) {
                    // re-order the wrong page
                    const element = page[remaining];
                    page[remaining] = page[index];
                    page[index] = element;
                    wrong_order = true;

                    if (rules.get(element)) |next_rule| {
                        page_rule = next_rule;
                    }

                    continue;
                }
                remaining += 1;
            }
        }
        if (wrong_order) {
            reordered_sum += page[(page.len - 1) / 2];
            wrong_order = false;
        } else {
            // middle page number
            middle_sum += page[(page.len - 1) / 2];
        }
    }
    return Answer{ .middle_sum = middle_sum, .reordered_sum = reordered_sum };
}

pub fn main() !void {
    const answer = try solve(@embedFile("input.txt"));
    print("Part 1: {d}\n", .{answer.middle_sum});
    print("Part 2: {d}\n", .{answer.reordered_sum});
}

test "test input" {
    const answer = try solve(@embedFile("test.txt"));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(143, answer.middle_sum);
    try std.testing.expectEqual(123, answer.reordered_sum);
}

Haskell

I should probably have used sortBy instead of this ad-hoc selection sort.

import Control.Arrow
import Control.Monad
import Data.Char
import Data.List qualified as L
import Data.Map
import Data.Set
import Data.Set qualified as S
import Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

parse = (,) <$> (fromListWith S.union <$> parseOrder) <*> (eol *> parseUpdate)
parseOrder = endBy (flip (,) <$> (S.singleton <$> parseInt <* char '|') <*> parseInt) eol
parseUpdate = endBy (sepBy parseInt (char ',')) eol
parseInt = read <$> munch1 isDigit
eol = char '\n'

verify :: Map Int (Set Int) -> [Int] -> Bool
verify m = and . (zipWith fn <*> scanl (flip S.insert) S.empty)
  where
    fn a = flip S.isSubsetOf (findWithDefault S.empty a m)

getMiddle = ap (!!) ((`div` 2) . length)

part1 m = sum . fmap getMiddle

getOrigin :: Map Int (Set Int) -> Set Int -> Int
getOrigin m l = head $ L.filter (S.disjoint l . preds) (S.toList l)
  where
    preds = flip (findWithDefault S.empty) m

order :: Map Int (Set Int) -> Set Int -> [Int]
order m s
  | S.null s = []
  | otherwise = h : order m (S.delete h s)
    where
      h = getOrigin m s

part2 m = sum . fmap (getMiddle . order m . S.fromList)

main = getContents >>= print . uncurry runParts . fst . last . readP_to_S parse
runParts m = L.partition (verify m) >>> (part1 m *** part2 m)

I was very much unhappy because my previous implementation took 1 second to execute and trashed through 2GB RAM in the process of doing so, I sat down again with some inspiration about the sorting approach.
I am very much happy now, the profiler tells me that most of time is spend in the parsing functions now.

I am also grateful for everyone else doing haskell, this way I learned about Arrays, Bifunctors and Arrows which (I think) improved my code a lot.

Haskell

import Control.Arrow hiding (first, second)

import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.Set (Set)
import Data.Bifunctor

import qualified Data.Maybe as Maybe
import qualified Data.List as List
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import qualified Data.Ord as Ord


parseRule :: String -> (Int, Int)
parseRule s = (read . take 2 &&& read . drop 3) s

replace t r c = if t == c then r else c

parse :: String -> (Map Int (Set Int), [[Int]])
parse s = (map parseRule >>> buildRuleMap $ rules, map (map read . words) updates)
        where
                rules = takeWhile (/= "") . lines $ s
                updates = init . map (map (replace ',' ' ')) . drop 1 . dropWhile (/= "") . lines $ s

middleElement :: [a] -> a
middleElement us = (us !!) $ (length us `div` 2)

ruleGroup :: Eq a => (a, b) -> (a, b') -> Bool
ruleGroup = curry (uncurry (==) <<< fst *** fst)

buildRuleMap :: [(Int, Int)] -> Map Int (Set Int)
buildRuleMap rs = List.sortOn fst
        >>> List.groupBy ruleGroup 
        >>> map ((fst . head) &&& map snd) 
        >>> map (second Set.fromList) 
        >>> Map.fromList 
        $ rs

elementSort :: Map Int (Set Int) -> Int -> Int -> Ordering 
elementSort rs a b
        | Maybe.maybe False (Set.member b) (rs Map.!? a) = LT
        | Maybe.maybe False (Set.member a) (rs Map.!? b) = GT
        | otherwise = EQ

isOrdered rs u = (List.sortBy (elementSort rs) u) == u

part1 (rs, us) = filter (isOrdered rs)
        >>> map middleElement
        >>> sum
        $ us
part2 (rs, us) = filter (isOrdered rs >>> not)
        >>> map (List.sortBy (elementSort rs))
        >>> map middleElement
        >>> sum
        $ us

main = getContents >>= print . (part1 &&& part2) . parse

Rust

Kinda sorta got day 5 done on time.

use std::cmp::Ordering;

use crate::utils::{bytes_to_num, read_lines};

pub fn solution1() {
    let mut lines = read_input();
    let rules = parse_rules(&mut lines);

    let middle_rules_sum = lines
        .filter_map(|line| {
            let line_nums = rule_line_to_list(&line);
            line_nums
                .is_sorted_by(|&a, &b| is_sorted(&rules, (a, b)))
                .then_some(line_nums[line_nums.len() / 2])
        })
        .sum::<usize>();

    println!("Sum of in-order middle rules = {middle_rules_sum}");
}

pub fn solution2() {
    let mut lines = read_input();
    let rules = parse_rules(&mut lines);

    let middle_rules_sum = lines
        .filter_map(|line| {
            let mut line_nums = rule_line_to_list(&line);

            (!line_nums.is_sorted_by(|&a, &b| is_sorted(&rules, (a, b)))).then(|| {
                line_nums.sort_by(|&a, &b| {
                    is_sorted(&rules, (a, b))
                        .then_some(Ordering::Less)
                        .unwrap_or(Ordering::Greater)
                });

                line_nums[line_nums.len() / 2]
            })
        })
        .sum::<usize>();

    println!("Sum of middle rules = {middle_rules_sum}");
}

fn read_input() -> impl Iterator<Item = String> {
    read_lines("src/day5/input.txt")
}

fn parse_rules(lines: &mut impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
    lines
        .take_while(|line| !line.is_empty())
        .fold(Vec::new(), |mut rules, line| {
            let (a, b) = line.as_bytes().split_at(2);
            let a = bytes_to_num(a);
            let b = bytes_to_num(&b[1..]);

            rules.push((a, b));

            rules
        })
}

fn rule_line_to_list(line: &str) -> Vec<usize> {
    line.split(',')
        .map(|s| bytes_to_num(s.as_bytes()))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
}

fn is_sorted(rules: &[(usize, usize)], tuple: (usize, usize)) -> bool {
    rules.iter().any(|&r| r == tuple)
}

Reusing my bytes_to_num function from day 3 feels nice. Pretty fun challenge.

Elixir

defmodule AdventOfCode.Solution.Year2024.Day05 do
  use AdventOfCode.Solution.SharedParse

  @impl true
  def parse(input) do
    [rules, pages_list] =
      String.split(input, "\n\n", limit: 2) |> Enum.map(&String.split(&1, "\n", trim: true))

    {for(rule <- rules, do: String.split(rule, "|") |> Enum.map(&String.to_integer/1))
     |> MapSet.new(),
     for(pages <- pages_list, do: String.split(pages, ",") |> Enum.map(&String.to_integer/1))}
  end

  def part1({rules, pages_list}), do: solve(rules, pages_list, false)

  def part2({rules, pages_list}), do: solve(rules, pages_list, true)

  def solve(rules, pages_list, negate) do
    for pages <- pages_list, reduce: 0 do
      total ->
        ordered = Enum.sort(pages, &([&1, &2] in rules))

        if negate != (ordered == pages),
          do: total + Enum.at(ordered, div(length(ordered), 2)),
          else: total
    end
  end
end

Julia

No really proud of todays solution. Probably because I started too late today.

I used a dictionary with the numbers that should be in front of any given number. Then I checked if they appear after that number. Part1 check. For part 2 I just hoped for the best that ordering it would work by switching each two problematic entries and it worked.

::: spoiler

function readInput(inputFile::String)
	f = open(inputFile,"r"); lines::Vector{String} = readlines(f); close(f)
	updates::Vector{Vector{Int}} = []
	pageOrderingRules = Dict{Int,Vector{Int}}()
	readRules::Bool = true #switch off after rules are read, then read updates
	for (i,line) in enumerate(lines)
		line=="" ? (readRules=false;continue) : nothing
		if readRules
			values::Vector{Int} = map(x->parse(Int,x),split(line,"|"))
			!haskey(pageOrderingRules,values[2]) ? pageOrderingRules[values[2]]=Vector{Int}() : nothing
			push!(pageOrderingRules[values[2]],values[1])
		else #read updates
			push!(updates,map(x->parse(Int,x),split(line,",")))
		end
	end
	return updates, pageOrderingRules
end

function checkUpdateInOrder(update::Vector{Int},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Bool
	inCorrectOrder::Bool = true
	for i=1 : length(update)-1
		for j=i+1 : length(update)
			!haskey(pageOrderingRules,update[i]) ? continue : nothing
			update[j] in pageOrderingRules[update[i]] ? inCorrectOrder=false : nothing
		end
		!inCorrectOrder ? break : nothing
	end
	return inCorrectOrder
end

function calcMidNumSum(updates::Vector{Vector{Int}},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Int
	midNumSum::Int = 0
	for update in updates
		checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules) ? midNumSum+=update[Int(ceil(length(update)/2))] : nothing
	end
	return midNumSum
end

function calcMidNumSumForCorrected(updates::Vector{Vector{Int}},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Int
	midNumSum::Int = 0
	for update in updates
		inCorrectOrder::Bool = checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules)
		inCorrectOrder ? continue : nothing #skip already correct updates
		while !inCorrectOrder
			for i=1 : length(update)-1
				for j=i+1 : length(update)
					!haskey(pageOrderingRules,update[i]) ? continue : nothing
					if update[j] in pageOrderingRules[update[i]]
						mem::Int = update[i]; update[i] = update[j]; update[j]=mem #switch entries
					end
				end
			end
			inCorrectOrder = checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules)
		end
		midNumSum += update[Int(ceil(length(update)/2))]
	end
	return midNumSum
end

updates, pageOrderingRules = readInput("day05Input")
println("part 1 sum: $(calcMidNumSum(updates,pageOrderingRules))")
println("part 2 sum: $(calcMidNumSumForCorrected(updates,pageOrderingRules))")

:::

Kotlin

That was an easy one, once you define a comparator function. (At least when you have a sorting function in your standard-library.) The biggest part was the parsing. lol

import kotlin.text.Regex

fun main() {
    fun part1(input: List<String>): Int = parseInput(input).sumOf { if (it.isCorrectlyOrdered()) it[it.size / 2].pageNumber else 0 }

    fun part2(input: List<String>): Int = parseInput(input).sumOf { if (!it.isCorrectlyOrdered()) it.sorted()[it.size / 2].pageNumber else 0 }

    val testInput = readInput("Day05_test")
    check(part1(testInput) == 143)
    check(part2(testInput) == 123)

    val input = readInput("Day05")
    part1(input).println()
    part2(input).println()
}

fun parseInput(input: List<String>): List<List<Page>> {
    val (orderRulesStrings, pageSequencesStrings) = input.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }.partition { Regex("""\d+\|\d+""").matches(it) }

    val orderRules = orderRulesStrings.map { with(it.split('|')) { this[0].toInt() to this[1].toInt() } }
    val orderRulesX = orderRules.map { it.first }.toSet()
    val pages = orderRulesX.map { pageNumber ->
        val orderClasses = orderRules.filter { it.first == pageNumber }.map { it.second }
        Page(pageNumber, orderClasses)
    }.associateBy { it.pageNumber }

    val pageSequences = pageSequencesStrings.map { sequenceString ->
        sequenceString.split(',').map { pages[it.toInt()] ?: Page(it.toInt(), emptyList()) }
    }

    return pageSequences
}

/*
 * An order class is an equivalence class for every page with the same page to be printed before.
 */
data class Page(val pageNumber: Int, val orderClasses: List<Int>): Comparable<Page> {
    override fun compareTo(other: Page): Int =
        if (other.pageNumber in orderClasses) -1
        else if (pageNumber in other.orderClasses) 1
        else 0
}

fun List<Page>.isCorrectlyOrdered(): Boolean = this == this.sorted()