Summary

A study by IQAir found that only seven countries (Australia, Estonia, New Zealand, Iceland, and some small island states) met WHO guidelines for PM2.5 air pollution in 2024.

The most polluted nations are Chad, Bangladesh, Pakistan, DRC, and India, with levels 10-18 times above recommendations. Bosnia’s capital Sarajevo remains Europe’s most polluted city.

Some progress was noted: 17% of cities now meet standards (up from 9% in 2023), and both India and China showed improvements.

Experts highlight “huge disparities” globally and within regions, noting that air pollution is the second biggest mortality risk factor after high blood pressure.

Researchers urge policies supporting clean energy, public transport, and reduced waste burning to combat pollution.