P values?
Do they account solely for sampling error (therefore irrelevant when population data is available) OR do they serve to asses the likelihood of something being due to chance in other ways (therefore relevant for studies with population data)?

Any links or literature are welcome :)

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  • arandomthoughtEnglish
    2·
    1 year ago

    Sure, even if you had all the data on your whole population (and therefore p-values “wouldn’t make sense”) a regression could still tell you something useful about that population. It can for example let you estimate how strongly variable X influences variable Y (or at least how strongly they are related. Causality is a separate issue), or what value of Y we would expect for someone new in the population with a certain value of X.