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Cake day: July 3rd, 2023

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  • I’m seeing a lot of this kind of taxonomical argument relying on material being removed, but it’s not convincing. A taxonomical argument that relies on commonly accepted definitions, but does not include commonly accepted examples, is logically flawed.

    It’s normal, accepted usage to describe your anus and so forth as holes, despite no material having been removed.

    Similarly, it’s normal to describe Cheerios as having holes in the middle, or bagels as having holes in the middle, or a pool noodle as having a hole through it, or any number of similar things that are formed without any material being removed. It extends to the metaphysical, in fact; one can have a hole in their logic, for instance, without the implications that their logic must once have contained this item, until it was somehow removed.

    A hole is an entirely contained negative space; I don’t think it requires anything to have been removed.


  • A hollow cylinder has a single hole, with two openings. A hole can be open on one end only (e.g., a well is a hole in the ground), or it can have multiple openings (e.g., a straw has a hole with two openings).

    If one cannot immediately tell whether two openings are connected to one another, then one assumes they are not; e.g., if you see a well in Florida you don’t assume it is the opening of a hole that extends to connect to another opening in Australia.