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Cake day: June 8th, 2023

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  • Just pilling on some concrete examples, awesome-gemini is definitely the best place to start looking. There are both converters for the gemtext format and gateways for the protocols.

    For format conversion tools, awesome-gemini already lists a handful of tools.

    From the gemini side there are some gateways for specific websites operated by various people

    • BBC news gemini://freeshell.de/news/bbc.gmi
    • The Guardian gemini://guardian.shit.cx/world/
    • Lots of others gemini://gemi.dev/cgi-bin/waffle.cgi

    These work pretty well for me. I think there were public gateways to open http pages from gemini, but I can’t recall one from the top of my head.

    Some of the gemini browsers support gemini proxies to access http(s) content. You can run it in your own machine. Duckling is the only one I’m familiar (but see the awesome list for more)

    Conversely, to access gemini pages from a web browser portal.mozz.us hosts a gateway (just place whatever gemini link you want in the box).

    One big privacy caveat of using gemini proxies for this is that while this may improve your privacy with regards to javascript/cookies it will reduced it because it makes your behaviour more identifiable from the point of view of the websites you visit (i.e. your proxy is clearly not a browser making it unusual).



  • Depends on what you mean by “secure”, being very loose with the definitions, we have

    • end to end confidentiality (i.e. only you and the intended destination can see the message contents)
    • privacy (only the destination knows i’m sending messages to them)
    • anonymity (no one can find out who you are, where you live, i.e. metadata/identity/etc)

    My personal preference is Simplex.

    Reasoning for a few:

    • Email: even if you use PGP to encrypt messages the server(s) in the delivery path have access to all metadata (sender, receiver, etc, etc). If no encryption is in use, they see everything. Encryption protocols in e-mail only protect the communication between client and server (or hop by hop for server to server)
    • XMPP: similar reasoning to email. i.e. the server knows what you send to who. I should note that XMPP has more options for confidentiality of message content (PGP, OMEMO, others). So I find it preferable to email - but architecturally not too different.
    • IRC: Again similar reasoning to email - even if your IRC server supports TLS, there is no end to end encryption to protect message contents. There were some solutions for message encryption/signing, but I’ve never seen them in the wild.
    • Signal: Good protocol (privacy, confidentiality, etc). Dependency on phone number is a privacy concern for me. I think there are 3rd party servers/apps without the use of phone numbers.
    • Simplex: Probably the strongest privacy protection you can find, but definitely not easy in terms of usability. The assumption is that we do not trust the intermediate server at all (and expose nothing to it), we just leave our encrypted messages there for the receiver to pick up later. It also does some funny stuff like padding messages with garbage.
    • Matrix: In theory it supports end to end encryption in various scenarios, but my experience with it has been so bad (UX, broken encrypted sessions) I only use it for public groups.

    Some more food for though though; these protocols support both group communication and 1-1 messaging - privacy expectations for these two are very different. For example I don’t care too much about confidentiality in a group chat if there are 3000 people in there. It might be more concerned with concealing my phone/name/metadata.

    In general I consider large group chats “public”, I can try to be anonymous, but have no other expectations. e.g. some people use some protocols over ToR because they do not trust the service (or even the destination) but they try to protect their anonymity.

    On a technical note: I don’t think there is any protocol that supports multi-device without some kind of vulnerability in the past. So I would temper my expectations if using these protocols across devices.

    I’m not familiar with the other ones that were mentioned in comments or in the spreadsheet.



  • So lets be clear - there is no way to prevent others from crawling your website if they really want to (AI or non AI).

    Sure you can put up a robots.txt or reject certain user agents (if you self host) to try and screen the most common crawlers. But as far as your hosting is concerned the crawler for AI is not too different from e.g. the crawler from google that takes piece of content to show on results. You can put a captcha or equivalent to screen non-humans, but this does not work that well and might also prevent search engines from finding your site (which i don’t know if you want?).

    I don’t have a solution for the AI problem, as for the “greed” problem, I think most of us poor folks do one of the following:

    • github pages (if you don’t like github then codeberg or one of the other software forges that host pages)
    • self host your own http server if its not too much of an hassle
    • (make backups, yes always backups)

    Now for the AI problem, there are no good solutions, but there are funny ones:

    • write stories that seem plausible but hold high jinx in there - if there ever was a good reason for being creative it is “I hope AI crawls my story and the night time news reports that the army is now using trained squirrels as paratroopers”
    • double speak - if it works for fictional fascist states it works for AI too - replace all uses of word/expression with another, your readers might be slightly confused but such is life
    • turn off your web site at certain times of the day, just show a message showing that it only works outside of US work hours or something

    I should point out that none of this will make you famous or raise your SEO rank in search results.

    PS: can you share your site, now i’m curious about the stories


  • Here is my take as someone who absolutely loves the work simplex did on the SMP protocol, but still does not use SimpleX Chat.

    First the trivial stuff:

    1. no one else seems to use it
    2. UX is not great because of initial exchange

    These two are not that unexpected. Any other chat app with E2E security has tricky UX, and SimpleX takes the hard road by not trading off security/privacy for UX. I think this is a plus, but yes it annoys people.

    Now for the reasons that really keep me away:

    1. the desktop app is way behind the mobile app - and I would really prefer to use a desktop CLI app
    2. haskell puts me off a bit - the language is fine I just don’t know how to read it - for more practical issues it did not support older (arm6/7) devices which kept lots of people in older devices away
    3. AFAIK no alternative implementations of either the client or the SMP server exist - which is a petty I think the protocol would shine in other contexts (like push notifications)
    4. I was going to say that there are not many 3rd party user groups - but I just found out about the directory service (shame on me, maybe? can’t seem to find groups though)
    5. protocol features/stabilization is a moving target and most of the fancy new features don’t really interest me (i don’t care much about audio/video)
    6. stabilization of code/dependencies would help package the server/client in more linux distros, which I think would help adoption among the tech folk

    Finally a couple of points on some of the other comments:

    • multi device support - no protocol out there can do multi device properly (not signal, none really) so i’m ok with biting the bullet on this
    • VC funding is a drag - but I am still thankful that they clearly specified the chat protocol separate from the message relay, which means that even if the chat app dies, SMP could still be used for other stuff.

  • Depends a bit on what you mean by p2p.

    If you mean it as anyone can run their own server - this is already possible. But since message inboxes are one way you can really only control how the server for the messages your are receiving. The messages you send go to wherever the destination says they should go.

    If by P2P you mean fully decentralized with no distinction between clients and servers then the discussion is a bit longer, but right now no, and for practical reasons probably not. Let me elaborate a bit.

    First the protocol assumes a client, that is your messaging app, delivers the message to a server which is identified by a hostname/ip (you ability to deliver depends on this server being up and working).

    For practical reasons the server is a separate entity, just like in email delivery protocols, because

    1. it needs a stable hostname or ip address
    2. it needs to be reachable most of the time to maximize availability, otherwise messages are not delivered

    Now, in practice nothing prevents your client and server from being the same machine, but if the previous two points are not true you will have a bad experience receiving your messages. Specially since most clients are on mobile phones, these two points will likely not be true.

    Another thing we could do to get it to be fully distributed would be to run simplex on top of other p2p protocol - anything w/ a DHT that can expose ports to the Internet (Tor, GNUNet, etc). But this has one downside - the client app would need to recognize new types of inbox addresses and connect accordingly.

    You could probably achieve this with Tor and some .onion host setup. But then anyone that wanted to deliver to you would need an equivalent setup.

    Apologies, I tend to nerd on about distributed systems.


  • First of all, you can assume the server can infer this in a number of ways - there is actually no way to fully block it, but we can try.

    The main issue for privacy is that it makes your browser behave in ways that are a bit too specific (i.e. less private by comparison with the rest of the browsers in the known universe).

    As for techniques the site can use

    • javascript can test the geometry of something that was rendered to draw conclusions - was this font actually used? test several options and check for variations
    • measure font work between network events i.e. generate a site that makes the browser use unique links for 1) fetches a font 2) renders text and 3) only then another fetch - measure the time between 1) and 3) and draw conclusions. Repeat for test cases and draw conclusions - e.g. is the browser really fast using monospace vs custom huge font? not a great method, but not completely worthless
    • some techniques can actually do some of this without Javascript, provided you can generate some weird CSS/HTML that conditionally triggers a fetch

    By the away not downloading the fonts also makes you “less private”. Some of this is a stretch but not impossible.

    Now for a more practical problem. Lots of sites use custom fonts for icons. Which means some sites will be very hard to use, because they only display buttons with an icon (actually a letter with a custom font).

    FWIW these two lines are in my Firefox profile to disable downloads and skip document provided fonts:

    user_pref("gfx.downloadable_fonts.enabled", false);
    user_pref("browser.display.use_document_fonts", 0);
    

    If someone has better/different settings please share.

    Finally the Tor browser folks did good work on privacy protections over FF. Maybe their issue tracker is a good source of inspiration https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/applications/tor-browser/-/issues/18097


  • I don’t quite agree with some of the rationale

    1. I do think users have benefited from Open Source, but I also think that there has been an a decline in Open Source software in general
    2. I don’t think contracts are a good analogy here (in the sense that every corporate consumer of the software would have to sign one)

    Having said this I do understand where he is coming from. And I agree that:

    1. a lot of big companies consume this software and don’t give back
    2. corporate interests are well entrenched in some Open Source projects, and some bad decisions have been made
    3. he does raise an interesting point about the commons clause (but them I’m no laywer)

    I would like to remind everyone that the GPL pretty much exists because of (1.). If anything we should have more GPL code. In that regard I don’t think it failed us. But we rarely see enforced (in court). Frankly most of our code is not that special so please GPL it.

    Finally I think users do know about Open Source software indirectly. In the same way they find out their “public” infrastructure has been running without permit or inspection the day things start breaking and the original builder/supplier is long gone and left no trace of how it works.

    Since these days everything is software (or black box hardware with firmware) this is increasingly important in public policy. And I do wish we would see public contracts asking for hardware/firmware what some already for software.

    I wont get into the Redhat/IBM+CentOS/Fedora or AI points because there is a lot more going on there. Not that he is not right. But I’m kind of fed up with it :D




  • I’m a bit of terminal nerd, so probably not the best person to talk about desktop. I don’t have many thoughts with regards to app development or layout for accessibility. What I really would like is for distros to be accessible from the ground up, even before the desktop is up.

    The best example of accessibility from the ground up I saw for linux was talking arch, an Arch Linux spin with speech. Sadly the website is gone, but we can find it in the web archive

    in particular there was an audio tutorial to help you install the live cd (you can still ear it in the archive):

    Here are a few resources, which are pretty dated but I wish they were the norm in any install:

    Now going into your points:

    How should a blind Desktop be structured?

    To be honest I don’t expect much here. As long as context/window switching signals you properly you are probably fine. I have not used gnome with orca in a long time, but this used to be ok. The problems begin with the apps, tabs and app internal structure.

    Are there any big dealbreakers like Wayland, TTS engines, specific applications e.g.?

    Lots.

    Some times your screen reader breaks and its nice to have a magic key that restarts the screen reader, or the entire desktop. Or you just swap into a virtual console running speakup/yasr and do it yourself :D

    TTS engines are probably ok. Some times people complain about the voices, but I think it is fine as long as it reliably works, does not hang, responds quickly.

    Specific applications are tricky. The default settings on a lot of apps wont work well by default, but that is not surprising.

    I do think that a lot of newer apps have two problems

    1. they are not configurable or scriptable at all, there is only one way to do things and no way to customize it. Opening tickets to patch each and every feature is not feasible.
    2. They frequently go through breaking release cycles that nuke old features, so you need to relearn all your tricks on the next major release and find new hacks

    I can give you two good-ish examples, both Vim and Mutt can work very well with a terminal screen reader, but it is a lot of work to configure:

    • with vim you need to disable all features that make the cursor jump around and draw stuff (like line numbers and the ruler)
    • with mutt every single string in the screen can be customized, so you even insert SSML to control speech and read email

    I think you can find similar examples in desktop apps too.

    What do you think would be the best base Desktop to build such a setup on?

    no idea to be honest. Gnome use to have support. I suppose other desktops that can be remote controlled could be changed to integrate speech (like i3 or sway).

    Would you think an immutable, out of the box Distro like “Fedora Silversound”, with everything included, the best tools, presets, easy setup e.g. is a good idea?

    I have never used Silversound. But the key thing for me is to be able to roll back forward to a working state.

    How privacy-friendly can a usable blind Desktop be?

    I think it should be fine. People with screens have things like those Laptop Screen Privacy Filter, people using audio have headphones. Depending on your machine you can setup the mixer so that audio never uses the external speaker.

    I don’t recall the details but you can also have some applications send audio to the external speaker while others use your headphones (provided they are a separate sound card, like usb/bluetooth headphones).

    Also, how would you like to call it? “A Talking Desktop”?

    Urgh, Shouting Linux.


  • This is a really nice summary of the practical issues surrounding this.

    There is one more that I would like to call out: how does this client scanning code end up running in your phone? i.e. who pushes it there and keeps it up to date (and by consequence the database).

    I can think of a few options:

    1. The messaging app owner includes this as part of their code, and for every msg/image/etc checks before send (/receive?)
    2. The phone OS vendor puts it there, bakes it as part of the image store/retrieval API - in a sense it works more on your gallery than your messaging app
    3. The phone vendor puts it there, just like they already do for their branded apps.
    4. Your mobile operator puts it there, just like they already do for their stuff

    Each of these has its own problems/challenges. How to compel them to insert this (ahem “backdoor”), and the different risks with each of them.


  • Ok not much help there, for what is worth I tried building your recipe here. The full backtrace is not helpful - it just shows that the linker failed to run the binary:

    Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
    0x00007ffff7fe6c77 in dl_main () from /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    (ins)(gdb) bt
    #0  0x00007ffff7fe6c77 in dl_main () from /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    #1  0x00007ffff7fe3074 in _dl_sysdep_start () from /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    #2  0x00007ffff7fe4c91 in _dl_start () from /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    #3  0x00007ffff7fe3a98 in _start () from /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    #4  0x0000000000000001 in ?? ()
    #5  0x00007fffffffdf31 in ?? ()
    #6  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
    

    Strangely my ldd shows nothing for the final minikube binary. file does show the guix interpreter though and it looks good:

    $ file /gnu/store/xhyv7k87gy9k368yrv6faray37z615cr-minikube-1.31.2/bin/minikube 
    /gnu/store/xhyv7k87gy9k368yrv6faray37z615cr-minikube-1.31.2/bin/minikube: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, Go BuildID=aBEWfkldQzf4mlUsITym/a6aHGcy9omlZPRTvR8ta/1-lUpI-DPce979zTpJQy/jMuF_0TfmkRW2e3NFst2, not stripped
    

    readelf is a bit more helpful than ldd:

    $ readelf -d /gnu/store/xhyv7k87gy9k368yrv6faray37z615cr-minikube-1.31.2/bin/minikube 
    
    Dynamic section at offset 0x270 contains 21 entries:
      Tag        Type                         Name/Value
     0x000000000000001d (RUNPATH)            Library runpath: [/gnu/store/l684qgqlrqkbsh8jffp9d8ag6vrpcwgs-gcc-11.3.0-lib/lib:/gnu/store/fzsz6gk7g5spr7j5jx5zh6rysd5r0n64-gcc-toolchain-11.3.0/lib]
     0x0000000000000004 (HASH)               0x2dcbb20
     0x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB)             0x2dcc080
     0x000000000000000b (SYMENT)             24 (bytes)
     0x0000000000000005 (STRTAB)             0x4003c0
     0x000000000000000a (STRSZ)              795 (bytes)
     0x0000000000000007 (RELA)               0x2dcb668
     0x0000000000000008 (RELASZ)             24 (bytes)
     0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT)            24 (bytes)
     0x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT)             0x3e65300
     0x0000000000000015 (DEBUG)              0x0
     0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so.6]
     0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libpthread.so.0]
     0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libresolv.so.2]
     0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED)            0x2dcbaa0
     0x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM)         3
     0x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM)             0x2dcba40
     0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL)             RELA
     0x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ)           960 (bytes)
     0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL)             0x2dcb680
     0x0000000000000000 (NULL)               0x0
    

    Another way to check rpath is to use patchelf

    $ patchelf --print-rpath minikube 
    /gnu/store/l684qgqlrqkbsh8jffp9d8ag6vrpcwgs-gcc-11.3.0-lib/lib:/gnu/store/fzsz6gk7g5spr7j5jx5zh6rysd5r0n64-gcc-toolchain-11.3.0/lib
    

    The one thing that stands out to me there is that runpath lacks glibc. I also don’t know why gcc is in there (but it was in the build recipe).

    So I added the libc to the runpath (your paths will be different)

    $ patchelf --set-rpath /gnu/store/l684qgqlrqkbsh8jffp9d8ag6vrpcwgs-gcc-11.3.0-lib/lib:/gnu/store/fzsz6gk7g5spr7j5jx5zh6rysd5r0n64-gcc-toolchain-11.3.0/lib:/gnu/store/gsjczqir1wbz8p770zndrpw4rnppmxi3-glibc-2.35/lib minikube
    

    and voila

    $ ./minikube 
    minikube provisions and manages local Kubernetes clusters optimized for development workflows.
    
    Basic Commands:
      start            Starts a local Kubernetes cluster
      status           Gets the status of a local Kubernetes cluster
      stop             Stops a running local Kubernetes cluster
    (...)
    

    I never used patchelf-plan, so I’m not sure what you should do there, but maybe find other recipes that use it? I see some in nonguix that add glibc there.








  • Ultimately you are trusting the relay server to hold your messages If the relay is not trustworthy, it could reveal those messages.

    The only exception I know of are encrypted direct messages which are still held by the relay but are encrypted with the recipient’s key. These messages still have a cleartext recipient id (so the server can deliver them).

    So, if the relay is well behaved

    • messages are confidential between you and the relay
    • direct messages are only delivered to the recipient and are encrypted
    • most other messages are visible by anyone that can connect to the same relay
    • btw the relay can enforce a list of people that can connect (i.e. a private server) or just make it harder via proof of work (to discourage bots)

    If the relay server is operated by the forces of evil, then the only thing you can assume is that direct message content is not visible, but they can see the message src/destination/timestamp.

    I think the main motivation for nostr is censorship resistence - so if you are being blocked in one relay, you move to another - in terms of privacy/security it does not seem weaker than most other public message forums.