The average life expectancy for American corrections officers is 59, compared with 75 in the general population, according to the Vera Institute of Justice. Officers also experience higher than average rates of depression, PTSD and suicidality.

It was these bleak statistics that in 2019 drove Washington’s corrections secretary at the time, Stephen Sinclair, to explore the Norway model after hearing an Amend presentation at a conference.

Like other states, Washington’s intention has been to adapt elements of Norway’s system, rather than create a carbon copy, and to empower staff and incarcerated people to come up with ideas. “It’s very fluid and dynamic,” Grubb said.