How do scientists predict the future climate? Do they just calculate the current trends of temperature growth and take the causes of it into account? Or is there some other way. Is it basically some model y = a1*x1 + a2*x2 + … or something more complex?
“Do they just calculate the current trends of temperature growth and take the causes of it into account”
yep, held against historical data for context.
“Is it basically some model y = a1x1 + a2x2 + … or something more complex”
The more complex algorithms are for predicting and imminent weather patterns. “climate” itself, like ice age trends, global warming and future projections are based on data analysis and extrapolation.