For a long time, I’ve just put on DejaVu fonts and been done with it. Generally good enough Unicode coverage for me. But I know it’s been years since DejaVu’s been updated, and I wonder what’s very common today.
[As for the terminal, I’m guessing it’s usually still the standard fixed Unicode fonts?]
Most of the documents I produce are converted to PDF or printed, so I use Nimbus Roman or Nimbus Sans (I believe). I do use Open Dyslexic font
For UI I really enjoy Inter, although Ubuntu, Roboto and IBM Plex Sans are also nice
For terminal I use Hack, although Source Code Pro is nice